Phosphorous
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| General | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Name, symbol, number | phosphorus, P, 15 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chemical series | nonmetals | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Group, period, block | 15, 3, p | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Appearance | waxy white/ red/ black/ colorless/ yellow  | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Standard atomic weight | 30.973762(2) g·mol−1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Electron configuration | 3s2 3p3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Density (near r.t.) | (white) 1.823 g·cm−3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Density (near r.t.) | (red) 2.34 g·cm−3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Density (near r.t.) | (black) 2.69 g·cm−3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Melting point | (white) 317.3 K (44.2 °C, 111.6 °F) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Boiling point | 550 K (277 °C, 531 °F) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Heat of fusion | (white) 0.66 kJ·mol−1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Heat of vaporization | 12.4 kJ·mol−1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Specific heat capacity | (25 °C) (white) 23.824 J·mol−1·K−1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Oxidation states | 5, 4, 3, 2 , 1 , -3 (mildly acidic oxide) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Electronegativity | 2.19 (Pauling scale) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ionization energies (more) | 1st: 1011.8 kJ·mol−1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2nd: 1907 kJ·mol−1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3rd: 2914.1 kJ·mol−1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Atomic radius | 100 pm | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Atomic radius (calc.) | 98 pm | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Covalent radius | 106 pm | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Van der Waals radius | 180 pm | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Miscellaneous | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Magnetic ordering | no data | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Thermal conductivity | (300 K) (white) 0.236 W·m−1·K−1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bulk modulus | 11 GPa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CAS registry number | 7723-14-0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Selected isotopes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| References | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Phosphorus, (IPA: /ˈfɒsfərəs/), is the chemical element that has the symbol P and atomic number 15. The name comes from the Greek: φώς (meaning "light") and φόρος (meaning "bearer"). A multivalent nonmetal of the nitrogen group, phosphorus is commonly found in inorganic phosphate rocks.
Due to its high reactivity, phosphorus is never found as a free element in nature on Earth. One form of phosphorus (white phosphorus) emits a faint glow upon exposure to oxygen — hence its Greek derivation, Φωσφόρος meaning "light-bearer" (Latin Lucifer), the planet Venus as "Morning Star".
Phosphorus is a component of DNA and RNA and an essential element for all living cells. The most important commercial use of phosphorus-based chemicals is the production of fertilizers.
Phosphorus compounds are also widely used in explosives, nerve agents, friction matches, fireworks, pesticides, toothpaste and detergents.
topPhosphorous
adjective Chemistry. containing trivalent phosphorus.
phosphorous - Definitions from Dictionary.com
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Phosphorous
Phosphorous being an essential plant nutrient find its major use as a constituent of fertilizers for agriculture and farm production in the form of concentrated phosphoric acids ...
Phosphorus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Phosphorous acid is the compound described by the formula H 3 PO 3. It is one of the oxoacids of phosphorus, other important members being phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4) and ...
Phosphorous acid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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